The Moving Image Awards will recognise and celebrate the best moving image production work from students at schools and colleges offering WJEC qualifications in Film and Media Studies.
Tuesday 16 December 2014
Thursday 11 December 2014
Tuesday 9 December 2014
Representation of Age - Revision task for Blog
Find 3 SPECIFIC examples
of the
representation of age in
the media from
a variety of contemporary texts (these must be from the last 2years):
1.Advert
(include year of advert)
2.newspaper
article (date and specific article should be named)3.music videos (pick a particular scene, exact times should be noted)
4.Films/film trailers (pick a particular scene, exact times should be noted)
5.computer games
6.Magazine cover (date of advert)
7.TV programmes (when it was broadcast, what time specifically)
- For example use a film, magazine cover and advert.
Your analysis must be detailed. Upload onto your blog and answer the following:
•How is the representation
created? How has it been mediated
(selection/organisation/focus)?
•Textually analyse: Lighting/Mise-en-Scene/Camera/Sound/main image.
•Does it create a positive/negative/stereotypical representation? How any why (link to points aboves)
•Textually analyse: Lighting/Mise-en-Scene/Camera/Sound/main image.
•Does it create a positive/negative/stereotypical representation? How any why (link to points aboves)
Thursday 22 May 2014
Making Sense of Audience Theories
Researchers investigating the effect of media on audiences have considered the audience in two distinct ways.
(A) Passive Audiences
The earliest idea was that a mass audience is passive and inactive. The members of the audience are seen as couch potatoes just sitting there consuming media texts – particularly commercial television programmes. It was thought that this did not require the active use of the brain. The audience accepts and believes all messages in any media text that they receive. This is the passive audience model.
(A) Passive Audiences
The earliest idea was that a mass audience is passive and inactive. The members of the audience are seen as couch potatoes just sitting there consuming media texts – particularly commercial television programmes. It was thought that this did not require the active use of the brain. The audience accepts and believes all messages in any media text that they receive. This is the passive audience model.
The Hypodermic Model
In this model the media is seen as powerful and able to inject ideas into an audience who are seen as weak and passive.
It was thought that a mass audience could be influenced by the same message. This appeared to be the case in Nazi Germany in the 1930s leading up to WWII. Powerful German films such as Triumph of the Will seemed to use propaganda methods to ‘inject’ ideas promoting the Nazi cause into the German audience. That is why this theory is known as the Hypodermic model.
It suggests that a media text can ‘inject’ ideas, values and attitudes into a passive audience who might then act upon them. This theory also suggests that a media text has only one message which the audience must pick up.
In this model the media is seen as powerful and able to inject ideas into an audience who are seen as weak and passive.
It was thought that a mass audience could be influenced by the same message. This appeared to be the case in Nazi Germany in the 1930s leading up to WWII. Powerful German films such as Triumph of the Will seemed to use propaganda methods to ‘inject’ ideas promoting the Nazi cause into the German audience. That is why this theory is known as the Hypodermic model.
It suggests that a media text can ‘inject’ ideas, values and attitudes into a passive audience who might then act upon them. This theory also suggests that a media text has only one message which the audience must pick up.
(B) Active Audiences
This newer model sees the audience not as couch potatoes, but as individuals who are active and interact with the communication process and use media texts for their own purposes. We behave differently because we are different people from different backgrounds with many different attitudes, values, experiences and ideas.
This is the active audience model, and is now generally considered to be a better and more realistic way to talk about audiences.
Uses and Gratifications Model
This model stems from the idea that audiences are a complex mixture of individuals who select media texts that best suits their needs – this goes back to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
The users and gratifications model suggests that media audiences are active and make active decisions about what they consume in relation to their social and cultural setting and their needs.
This was summed up by theorists Blumier and Katz in 1974; ‘Media usage can be explained in that it provides gratifications (meaning it satisfies needs) related to the satisfaction of social and psychological needs’.
Put simply this means that audiences choose to watch programmes that make them feel good (gratifications) e.g. soaps and sitcoms, or that give them information that they can use (uses) e.g. news or information about new products or the world about them.
This model stems from the idea that audiences are a complex mixture of individuals who select media texts that best suits their needs – this goes back to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
The users and gratifications model suggests that media audiences are active and make active decisions about what they consume in relation to their social and cultural setting and their needs.
This was summed up by theorists Blumier and Katz in 1974; ‘Media usage can be explained in that it provides gratifications (meaning it satisfies needs) related to the satisfaction of social and psychological needs’.
Put simply this means that audiences choose to watch programmes that make them feel good (gratifications) e.g. soaps and sitcoms, or that give them information that they can use (uses) e.g. news or information about new products or the world about them.
Blumier and Katz (1975) went into greater detail and identified four main uses:
Surveillance – our need to know what is going on in the world. This relates to Maslow’s need for security. By keeping up to date with news about local and international events we feel we have the knowledge to avoid or deal with dangers.
Personal relationships – our need for to interact with other people. This is provided by forming virtual relationships with characters in soaps, films and all kinds of drama, and other programmes and other media texts.
Personal identity – our need to define our identity and sense of self. Part of our sense of self is informed by making judgments about all sorts of people and things. This is also true of judgments we make about TV and film characters, and celebrities. Our choice of music, the shows we watch, the stars we like can be an expression of our identities. One aspect of this type of gratification is known as value reinforcement. This is where we choose television programmes or newspapers that have similar beliefs to those we hold.
Diversion – the need for escape, entertainment and relaxation. All types of television programmes can be ‘used’ to wind down and offer diversion, as well as satisfying some of the other needs at the same time.
AS Exam Papers for MS1
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| Click above to access 5 past MS1 papers |
To access the WJEC website and downland past papers for MS1 click on logo above.
Wednesday 21 May 2014
Case study revision sheet
Download directly from slideshare website (click on link to go to the file) for the full version. Remember you should have varied case studies for each representation, and a rich text can be used for more than one type of representation:
Another good student example of how to analyse a magazine front cover
Tori - AS Media Blog: Magazine Analysis: Men's Health: The magazine "Men's Health" target audience is primarily men. We can tell this because there's always men centred on ...
Wednesday 14 May 2014
Friday 9 May 2014
Wednesday 7 May 2014
Tuesday 6 May 2014
Tuesday 29 April 2014
Friday 28 March 2014
Revision Tasks - Case Studies on Representation
You will need 3 examples of each:
- AGE
- ETHNICITY
- GENDER
- ISSUES
- EVENTS
- REGIONAL AND NATIONAL IDENTITY
You will need a range of texts per category Example:
1 Newspaper article, 1 Film Trailer and 1 TV Programme.
•Example: STRIPPERS could be used for AGE, GENDER, ETHNICITY and REGIONAL IDENTITY.
Wednesday 26 March 2014
Representation:Japanese Pop (J-Pop)
As pop star misdemeanours go, Minami Minegishi's was tame in the extreme – breaking her group's strict dating ban to spend a night with her boyfriend.
Yet hours after a magazine published photographs of her leaving his home last month, Minegishi, a member of the wildly popular girl band AKB48, went on to YouTube to issue a tearful apology.
"As a senior member of the group, it is my responsibility to be a role model for younger members," she said, before ending the four-minute mea culpa with a deep, lingering bow.
The most striking thing about her apology, however, was her appearance. She had shaved her head, a traditional act of contrition in Japan, but perhaps a step too far for a 20-year-old woman whose "crime" was to have found herself a boyfriend – 19-year-old Alan Shirahama, a dancer in a boyband.
Minegishi explained she had decided to cut off her long hair immediately after seeing her photograph, her face hidden behind a surgical mask and a baseball cap, in the weekly tabloid Shukan Bunshun on Thursday.
Her dramatic gesture underlined the strict rules to which Japan's young pop stars must adhere to project an image of unimpeachable morals.
In the YouTube video, which has been viewed more than 3m times, Minegishi said the assignation has been "thoughtless and immature".
"If it is possible, I wish from the bottom of my heart to stay in the band," she said. "Everything I did is entirely my fault. I am so sorry.
"I don't believe just doing this means I can be forgiven for what I did, but the first thing I thought was that I don't want to quit AKB48."
AKB48's management agency demoted her to "trainee level" starting on Friday, according to the band's official blog.
Full story here
Full story here
Tuesday 25 March 2014
Friday 21 March 2014
Homework
Research for discussion
Binge drinking
Bring this in to Monday's lesson.
Binge drinking
- Find out some statistics regarding binge drinking.
- Medical facts about binge drinking
- What are the social issues with binge drinking?
- Find any recent news stories about binge drinking.
Bring this in to Monday's lesson.
Representation of Issues : Binge Drinking
How is binge drinking represented in this clip?
What camera shots are being used? Why?
What mise-en-scene is being used? Why?
What camera shots are being used? Why?
What mise-en-scene is being used? Why?
Tuesday 18 March 2014
WJEC MS1: Approaching Representation of Events
Watch more videos on approaching the exam here: http://www.wjec.co.uk/index.php?subject=22&level=21&content=781&t=51
Wednesday 12 March 2014
Sunday 9 March 2014
Wednesday 5 March 2014
What to include in your presentation
Application of learning assesment march 2014[3] from Jaskirt Boora
some reminders of theories to refer to and include:
some reminders of theories to refer to and include:
Friday 28 February 2014
Thursday 27 February 2014
'Ethnicity' Representation Case Study Task
Find 1 positive and 1 negative representation of ethnicity within the following media contexts:
Sports
News
Music Video
Film
TV Soaps
Apply textual analysis - using visual/audio technical codes - and upload an image/video to support your case study.
Definition:
Ethnicity or ethnic group is a social group of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural, or national experience. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be associated with shared cultural heritage, ancestry, history, homeland, language (dialect), or ideology, and with symbolic systems such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing style, physical appearance.
Definition:
Ethnicity or ethnic group is a social group of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural, or national experience. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be associated with shared cultural heritage, ancestry, history, homeland, language (dialect), or ideology, and with symbolic systems such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing style, physical appearance.
Textual Analysis of Fawlty Towers and its representation of 'Britishness'
“Little Englander” – Fawlty Towers A Textual Analysis of Nationalistic Ideology by MATTHEW BARTLEY, University of Sunderland from Jaskirt Boora
A good link and video about the BBC Censorship of a Fawlty Towers episode: http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/bbc-rewrites-tv-history-with-fawlty-towers-censorship-20130124-2d9ng.html#ixzz2IvP4hgQ2
A good link and video about the BBC Censorship of a Fawlty Towers episode: http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/bbc-rewrites-tv-history-with-fawlty-towers-censorship-20130124-2d9ng.html#ixzz2IvP4hgQ2
Thursday 13 February 2014
Reception Theory
Chose 3 programmes at random from iPlayer
ITV Player or 4od (Watch first 5 mins) and discuss who would
take
A Preferred Reading
An Oppositional Reading
A Negotiated Reading
Discuss reasons behind your answer.
Thursday 6 February 2014
February 7th 2014 Homework
Age Representation
You need to collect examples of Representation of Age in the media.
1) Young people
2) Old people
3) Stereotypes of age in media
Points to remember
Try to get Rich texts that you can use for Representation of Age/Gender etc.
This is a good example as you can use it for both Age and Gender.
You need to collect examples of Representation of Age in the media.
1) Young people
2) Old people
3) Stereotypes of age in media
Points to remember
- The representation has to come from a specific media text. ie (Old age is represented negatively in a recent article in the Daily Mail, the article is about ............)
- The representation should be contemporary (within the last 2/3 years)
- How is the representation created ? Visual Image, Language, Mode of Address etc
Try to get Rich texts that you can use for Representation of Age/Gender etc.
This is a good example as you can use it for both Age and Gender.
Wednesday 5 February 2014
Representation of Age
Representation from Kim Fyson
A great link on representation here: http://www.revisionworld.co.uk/a2-level-level-revision/sociology/mass-media-0/media-representations-age-social-class-ethnicity-gender-sexuality-and-disability
Below is there section on Age....
A great link on representation here: http://www.revisionworld.co.uk/a2-level-level-revision/sociology/mass-media-0/media-representations-age-social-class-ethnicity-gender-sexuality-and-disability
Below is there section on Age....
Representations of age
Media representations of different groups of people based on age (i.e. children, adolescents and the elderly), also generalise and categorise people on the basis of stereotypes.
Childhood
British children are often depicted in the British media in positive ways. Content
analyses of media products suggest that eight stereotypes of children are
frequently used by the media.
British children are often depicted in the British media in positive ways. Content
analyses of media products suggest that eight stereotypes of children are
frequently used by the media.
- As victims of horrendous crimes – some critics of the media have suggested that White children who are victims of crime get more media attention than adults or children from ethnic minority backgrounds.
- As cute – this is a common stereotype found in television commercials for baby products or toilet rolls.
- As little devils – another common stereotype especially found in drama and comedy, e.g. Bart Simpson.
- As brilliant – perhaps as child prodigies or as heroes for saving the life of an adult.
- As brave little angels – suffering from a long-term terminal disease or disability.
- As accessories – stories about celebrities such as Madonna, Angelina Jolie or the Beckhams may focus on how their children humanise them.
- As modern – the media may focus on how children ‘these days’ know so much more ‘at their age’ than previous generations of children.
- As active consumers – television commercials portray children as having a consumer appetite for toys and games. Some family sociologists note that this has led to the emergence of a new family pressure, ‘pester power’, the power of children to train or manipulate their parents to spend money on consumer goods that will increase the children’s status in the eyes of their peers.
Youth
There are generally two very broad ways in which young people have been
targeted and portrayed by the media in Britain.
There are generally two very broad ways in which young people have been
targeted and portrayed by the media in Britain.
- There is a whole media industry aimed at socially constructing youth in terms of lifestyle and identity. Magazines are produced specifically for young people. Record companies, Internet music download sites, mobile telephone companies and radio stations all specifically target and attempt to shape the musical tastes of young people. Networking sites on the Internet, such as Facebook, Bebo and MySpace, allow youth to project their identities around the world.
- Youth are often portrayed by news media as a social problem, as immoral or anti-authority and consequently constructed as folk devils as part of a moral panic. The majority of moral panics since the 1950s have been manufactured around concerns about young people’s behaviour, such as their membership of specific ‘deviant’ sub-cultures (e.g., teddy boys, hoodies) or because their behaviour (e.g., drug taking or binge drinking) has attracted the disapproval of those in authority.
Wayne et al. (2008) conducted a content analysis of 2130 news items across all the main television channels during May 2006. They found that young people were mainly represented as a violent threat to society. They found that it was very rare for news items to feature a young person’s perspective or opinion. They note that the media only delivers a one-dimensional picture of youth, one that encourages fear and condemnation rather than understanding. Moreover, they argue that it distracts from the real problems that young people face in the modern world such as homelessness, not being able to get onto the housing ladder, unemployment or mental health and that these might be caused by society’s, or the government’s, failure to take the problems of youth seriously.
The elderly
Research focusing on media representations of the elderly suggests that age is not the only factor that impacts on the way the media portrays people aged 65 and over. Newman (2006) notes that upper class and middle class elderly people are often portrayed in television and film dramas as occupying high-status roles as world leaders, judges, politicians, experts and business executives. Moreover, news programmes seem to work on the assumption that an older male with grey in his hair and lines on his face somehow exudes the necessary authority to impart the news.
Research focusing on media representations of the elderly suggests that age is not the only factor that impacts on the way the media portrays people aged 65 and over. Newman (2006) notes that upper class and middle class elderly people are often portrayed in television and film dramas as occupying high-status roles as world leaders, judges, politicians, experts and business executives. Moreover, news programmes seem to work on the assumption that an older male with grey in his hair and lines on his face somehow exudes the necessary authority to impart the news.
However, female newscasters, such as Anna Ford, have long complained that these older men are often paired with attractive young females, while older women newsreaders are often exiled to radio. Leading female film and television stars are also often relegated to character parts once their looks and bodies are perceived to be on the wane, which seems to be after the age of 40.
Sociological studies show that when the elderly do appear in the media, they tend to be portrayed in the following one-dimensional ways.
- As grumpy – conservative, stubborn and resistant to social change.
- As mentally challenged – suffering from declining mental functions.
- As dependent – helpless and dependent on other younger members of the family or society.
- As a burden – as an economic burden on society (in terms of the costs of pensions and health care to the younger generation) and/or as a physical and social burden on younger members of their families (who have to worry about or care for them).
- As enjoying a second childhood – as reliving their adolescence and engaging in activities that they have always longed to do before they die.
However, recent research suggests that media producers may be gradually reinventing how they deal with the elderly, especially as they realise that this group may have disposable incomes, i.e. extra money to spend on consumer goods.
- See more at: http://www.revisionworld.co.uk/a2-level-level-revision/sociology/mass-media-0/media-representations-age-social-class-ethnicity-gender-sexuality-and-disability#sthash.ImltEmge.dpufTuesday 4 February 2014
Cultivation Theory task
What are the main points of the cultivation theory? Use examples and diagrams to illustrate your points.
Find examples of how the cultivation theory can be applied to the representation of age.
Find examples of how the cultivation theory can be applied to the representation of age.
Cultivation Theory
Very good link on the cultivation theory: http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/short/cultiv.html
Another very good link here: http://masscommtheory.com/theory-overviews/cultivation-theory/
Another very good link here: http://masscommtheory.com/theory-overviews/cultivation-theory/
Friday 31 January 2014
Wednesday 29 January 2014
Gender Representation Case Study Task
Find the following examples and write how they link to audience, what visual/technical/audio codes identify them as that category:
FEMALE
FEMALE
- Sexualized/objectified Female (advertisement)
- Domestic woman (film/tv show)
- Post feminism (music video)
- Dominant/aggressive male (advertisement/music video)
- Male stereotype, such as: geek/jock/action hero/joker (tv show/film)
- Metrosexual/new man (from a newspaper/magazine example)
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